Which of the following is true about tumor lysis syndrome prevention?

• A. Delaying hydration to prevent edema.
• B. Withholding chemotherapy entirely for the entire treatment.
• C. Monitoring electrolytes and uric acid levels with hydration.
• D. Aggressive hydration and uric acid–lowering therapy.

Answer: (C)

Tumor lysis syndrome prevention hinges on keeping the kidneys well perfused and watching labs closely. Aggressive IV hydration maintains urine output, helping to flush out potassium, phosphate, and uric acid released from rapidly lysing tumor cells. At the same time, frequent monitoring of electrolytes and uric acid allows early detection of dangerous shifts—hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, and rising uric acid—so you can intervene right away. This lab-guided, hydration-focused approach forms the foundation of prophylaxis, with uric acid–lowering therapy added as indicated for those at higher risk. The other choices describe practices that either delay care, inappropriately withhold treatment, or assume a one-size-fits-all regimen, which isn’t aligned with how TLS prevention is applied in practice.